INTERNAL ACCOUNTING ENGINEERING

Exhibit 20

In analyzing the graphic of the Chart of Accounts - let us here study some important details.

This next Exhibit reveals some important details of the graphical structure.

Exhibit 21

All Asset accounts will be represented in the graphic with a rectangle.  

All Liability accounts will have a triangle and all other accounts will be represented with a circle.

Within each of this figures we may imagine a T-account. This type of presentation indicates that when an arrow line moves from left into the figure: an amount is transferred to the debit of this account. And if an arrow line moves out of the figure on the right hand side: and amount is transferred from this account.

In this presentation a T is shown in the center of the figure. In the final graphic, this is not the case. The T account is replaced with the corresponding code of the account. Just indicating the Group and Main account of this account.

The next Exhibit is showing us the pre-established movements of the values within this graphic presentation. The accounting transaction will always start from the Credit of an account - it moves from the right of the triangle, rectangle or circle to the debit of the corresponding account. In this graphic we see how amounts from the credit of some Liability accounts are transferred to the debit of Expenditure accounts.

Or we credit some Asset account and transfer the amount to the debit of the next Asset account, or we credit some circle accounts and transfer the amounts to the debit of some other circle accounts.

We may also observe, that movements of amounts from credit of some accounts go along the full line to the right, then up this line, then turn down and enter some account by moving to the right along this full line and into the debit of the corresponding figure.

This is the basic rule of the movement of values within the graphic structure.

Exception of this rule is when some Asset amount leaves from the credit of a rectangle to the debit of the some Asset or Liability account.

Here our Exhibit 22:

Exhibit 22

On these full lines we observe some arrow heads - indicating the movement between the accounts.

ACCOUNTING CODE STRUCTURE

In this analysis, we will show you how we recommend to structure the accounting code:

This would be an Expenditure structure:

1-0-00-000  EXPENDITURE

1-1-00-000    SALARIES AND WAGES

1-1-01-000        Salaries

1-1-01-001           Management                       This is a simple

1-1-01-005           Engineers                            roll up system.

1-1-02-000        Wages

1-1-02-001            Direct Labor

1-1-02-005            Indirect Labor

This code structure should be used with all accounts.

We should identify the following basic Class of Accounts:

Class 0 = Assets and Liabilities          Class 2 = Cost Elements

Class 1 = Expenditure                           Class 3 and 4 = Departments

Class 8 = Revenues                              Class 5 and 6 = Functional activities

                                                                 Class 7 = Cost of Goods Sold

The detailed accounting structure you may study under:  Requirements.